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A Tribute to Ulrich Beck

25 Wednesday Feb 2015

Posted by Yimin in Events, London

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lecture, LSE, notes, Sociology

A tribute to Beck

Ulrich Beck教授不幸在今年元旦去世了。在一个风险社会里,这自然是很容易发生的情形,并不十分让人诧异。但是风险社会的寰宇性 (cosmopolitanism) 使得他去世这个事件的后果超出了个人层面。比如,他早先已经像往常一样接受邀请,在春季学期进驻LSE,并且确定了一场定在2月19号的公开讲座。

没有了主讲人的讲座该怎么进行呢?这难不倒以LSE校长Craig Calhoun为首的社会学家们。他拉上老伙计比如Anthony Giddens和Nikolas Rose以及Richard Sennett一合计,干脆,就把这个活动扩展一下,做成一个学术形态的追思会吧,顺手还能推销一把好基友生前所写的最后一本书,这样才是真爱啊。

几经周折,各位大佬们最终把讲座的时间定在了24号的晚上,也就是刚才。

因为是追思会,所以最主要的议程当然是各位嘉宾排队发言,用学术话语来表达自己对贝克的情感。虽然情感都是真挚的,但是贝克他老人家大概还是架不住竟然有人会在他身后接着较学术的真,具体后详。

会议从吉登斯对风险社会的概念回顾开始。他首先就提醒我们要注意对“风险”和”风险社会“的误解。贝克提出“风险社会“这个概念,并不是说现代社会变得比以往更有风险 (risky),而是在另外两个层面进行探讨:第一,现代性的崛起意味着我们开始更多地关注未来,而”风险“就是一个面向未来的概念,因此这个观念就随之变得无处不在;第二,在现代社会中,我们自己创造出很多新形态的风险,比如蕴含在新的自样态以及然我们与自然之关系之中的那些无法提前探知全景的风险。也正是在这个语境里,我们开始动用知识来重构自己的生活,甚至我们的身体也逐渐变成反思性工程 (reflexive project) 的产物。

接着他又回顾了贝克针对全球化和寰宇主义 (cosmopolitanism) 所做的工作。在吉登斯看来,贝克关注的核心是人们的相互依赖是如何随着技术演进而不断增加的,尤其是这种不断增进的互赖关系如何反过来进一步影响个体层面的生活,这也是诸如”全球寰宇联结“ (global cosmopolitan ties) 之类的概念提出的背景。

而在贝克生前所写作的最后一本书里(吉登斯本尊补充:顺便说一句,这书过几个月就会出版,欢迎大家捧场),他把全球化的新阶段放在了核心的位置上,进一步考察了技术进步如何带来了更高程度的全球和寰宇整合 (global and cosmopolitan integration). 在这本书里,贝克还进一步更新了他有关”风险社会“的理论,更加强调概念之间的关联:风险和机遇就是一对孪生的概念,风险出现的同时也就带来了解决风险的潜在机会。比如他在书里宣称:气候变化可能会拯救地球——因为当我们开始探讨气候变化的时候,我们已经开始考虑采取措施来应对这种风险,气候变化才因此不至于带来灾难结局。

“我并不买贝克最后这个观点的帐,” 吉登斯总结道,”在座诸位不妨读了书之后各自做出自己的评判。” (继续推销书XD)

随后是研究”寰宇民主“ (cosmopolitan democracy) 的M. Caldor教授出场,她从贝克的寰宇主义概念出发,进一步阐述了贝克有关欧洲一体化和欧元的论述。根据她所转述的贝克的观点,提倡欧洲一体化是因为欧洲国家日益面临着全球性的风险,这些风险无法在传统的国家层面得到完美处理。而当前的欧盟实践也进一步论证了寰宇主义理论的有效性,可以被视为“事实中的寰宇主义” (cosmopolitanism in reality),成为一个被现实中的政治结构所映射的观念。至于欧元最近所遭遇的危机,则并非是将它树立为共同货币的本意。除此之外,贝克还特别关注在欧盟民主化的过程中,一个“寰宇主义的欧盟”应该长成什么样的问题,细节在此略过不表。

随后出场的是曾长期在Goldsmiths和LSE任教,最近刚转会KCL社会学系的Nikolas Rose,他也是最新版福柯文集的共同主编 (with Paul Rabinow),并长期担任Economy and Society的主编。

他就是那个来砸场子的,一上来就说,“我一向与贝克意见不合,今天我也会继续坚持己见.“ 这当然不是一句开玩笑的话。Rose老师细数了自己九十年代初在Yale与贝克相遇之后的种种思想交流,然后话锋一转开始批判后者的”风险“概念。在Rose看来,贝克的风险理论非常关注生态危机和气候变迁一类对象,并因此一直试图遵循一种实在论 (realist) 的方法路径。他所探索的主要是”现代化“工程带来的种种”真正“风险 (genuine risks), 却忽视了另一种也许无形但更致命的风险。这后一种风险未必有物质形态,也许只是经由人们对未来的预期和想象而得以呈现 (staging risks),却对当下产生着实实在在的影响,而没有被贝克纳入自己的视域之中。更进一步看,”风险“是什么,这个问题在贝克的著作里也没有得到完美地解答,他只是通过种种附加的形容词进行着五花八门地描述而已。

在另一方面,Rose认为贝克所大力鼓吹的方法论的寰宇主义 (methodological cosmopolitanism) 也需要做更多的反思,因为现在这个说辞看起来特别像一种不靠谱的乐观主义。但不管怎样,贝克自己也曾经针对自己的理论做过”忏悔“ (confession)。他2006年在Economy and Society上发表过一篇演说稿,在结尾是这么说的:

Let me end with an ironic confession of non-knowledge. I know that I, too, simply do not know. Perhaps I may add something ‘off the record’, a postscript to my lecture, as it were: knowledge of the irony of risk suggests that the omnipresence of risk in everyday life should also be treated with sceptical irony. If irony were at least the homeopathic, practical everyday antidote to world risk society, then there would be less need to worry about the British, about the Germans. At any rate this piece of advice is no more helpless than the current hope of finding the lost wallet at night in the cone of light cast by the nation-state street lamps.

这个引用是一个十分讨巧的策略,Rose老师一方面借此把自己的批评都”归咎于”贝克本人的鼓励,同时彰显了贝克的 “reflexivity,” 另一方面又顺手给自己主编了很多年的杂志做了一把广告。

在Rose的批判之后,来自LSE Media的T. Rantanen回到了正常的追思会的频率。她所讲的主要是贝克如何大力襄助Media系过去若干年的研究和博士生培养,尤其是他所提倡的”寰宇主义实在论” (cosmopolitan realism) 如何深刻地影响了她自己和她的同事们的研究路径。两个要点:一是要批判方法论的国族主义 (methodological nationalism),二是要将寰宇主义视为一种关乎日常生活和道德经验的事物,而非高高在上的抽象概念。紧随Rantanen之后的是一位LSE的年轻研究员,讲述了贝克如何提携年轻人的个人史,也从另一个侧面补充了观众们对贝克的印象,细节略过。

最后一位出场的是Richard Sennett,又一个大佬,但更是一个图书推销员。他是直接举着贝克在2002年出版的Individualization: Institutionalized Individualism and its Social and Political Consequences走上讲台的,所讲的自然也是与这本书相关的内容。

在桑内特看来,这本书最大的贡献就是用 “个体化” (individualization) 的概念取代了僵硬的 “自我” (slef) 概念,而这个过程可以通过三个关键词加以解读,分别是”经历” (experiences), “特征” (characters), 和 “话语” (narratives).

首先,德语里与 “经历” 相关的词汇有三个,分别指称 “拥有一个经历” (have an experience)、”成为一个经历” (becoming an experience) 和 “经历的性质” (qualities of experience)。传统上 “自我” 的出场都是在第一个维度上展开的,也就是首先拥有一个经历,而后作为经历之对象的自我才会浮现。贝克将关注点转向了第二和第三个维度,强调个体化是一个过程,包含着不断学习 (re-learn) 的步骤,同时也突出了经历的性质的重要地位,而非仅仅拥有一个经历那么简单。

其次,在 “特征” 方面,贝克的个体化概念最关键的点是强调个体在个体化过程中是能够与碎片共存的 (live with fragments),而非依赖于整合。

再次,以往关于自我的叙述话语大多是线性的,经典的例子可以参见托马斯曼的某部小说(名字没记住)。但是在 “个体化” 的概念之中,生活话语 (life narrative) 不再是线性的,而是如同全球性进程 (global process) 一样,不再有清楚界定的开端和结尾,而是处在不停的运动之中。

桑内特的结尾也是相当峰回路转:”上述观点由贝克负责,我并非全盘接受,但是我承认这些问题和思考这些问题的贝克路径是具有相当力量的.”


在各位嘉宾排队说完话之后,追思会进入讨论环节。具体细节继续省略,只简单记两笔好玩的事儿吧。一是吉登斯(挺贝派)跟Rose(倒贝派)相互调侃,彼此在对方发言时都做出砸场子的架势,让观众忍俊不禁。二是吉登斯在发言里好几次提到 “福柯如是说,” 听众如我感到一种莫名的违和感。回来一查谷歌学术,果然,福柯的引用率还是比吉登斯不知道高到哪里去了 (最高引用对比:45245 vs. 30624) XD

讲座录音不久会放在LSE Public Events Podcasts and Videos上,感兴趣的各位不妨到时候自己听听上面这么多人物的交流,以及更关键的,他们对乌尔里希.贝克的追思吧。

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2014: LPS-GY201

21 Friday Mar 2014

Posted by Yimin in Events

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event, LSE, PKU, summer

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课程名称:城市亚洲与中国——都市,社会与发展(GY201: Urban Asia and China- Cities, Society and Development)
课程时间:2014年8月11日至22日(共计48课时,包括36小时课堂讲授和12小时小班讨论)
课程地点:北京大学
授课老师:Dr Shin, Hyun Bang (LSE地理系)

主要内容:课程将聚焦于东亚(尤其是中国)的城市化过程,重点关注城市社会空间的生产与再生产,具体议题包括——城市转型与重塑,城市发展的政治与政治经济,奥林匹克城市与大型活动 (mega events) 的空间后果,大型活动背景下的区域治理,绅士化与城市空间,郊区发展与城市的”非正规性” (urban informality),以及金融危机背景下的城市社会变迁和可持续发展等。

授课老师主页:http://t.cn/zYBXnfl
课程主页: http://t.cn/8sbHgOE
课程提纲:http://t.cn/8sbQW0S
报名要求与方式:http://t.cn/8syGYOs

URBAN ASIA IN LSE-PKU SUMMER SCHOOL, 11-22 AUGUST 2014

LSE and Peking University have collaboratively run the LSE-PKU Summer School in Beijing every summer since 2004. The eleventh LSE-PKU Summer School will run from 11-22 August 2014. The two-week English-language international programme offers university-level courses all with a focus on China and Asia in subjects including economics, management, international relations, media, law.
The programme is taught by outstanding faculty from Peking University and LSE. It attracts students and professionals from around the world: 300 participants of 44 different nationalities in 2013.

A quarter of participants are graduate professionals working in a wide range of related fields, including business, finance, public policy, international affairs, NGOs, the media and law. The students who attended in 2013 came from 114 universities and other higher education institutions in 30 countries.

Participants take one intensive course for the duration of the summer school, typically comprising four hours of lectures each morning and two hours of classes each afternoon – a total of 48 contact hours over two weeks. The course will be assessed, including a final examination, and successful students are awarded a certificate and transcript.

The course in in Geography, Urban Studies and Planning, “Urban Asia and China: Cities, Society and Development” (LPS-GY201), is taught by Dr Hyun Bang Shin , an urban specialist with major research interests in East Asia including china, will explore the contemporary dynamics of urbanisation in Asia, with special emphasis on East and Southeast Asia (including China) that have experienced rapid urban development with strong state intervention in city-making and economic development. The course, which has no formal prerequisites, will look at a number of key issues including urbanisation, globalisation and city-making, politics of urban redevelopment, housing, heritage conservation, gentrification and mega-events.

Other courses in the programme cover disciplines such as law, economics, media, international development, economic history, management, international relations, finance, geography, government and social policy, all with a focus on China and/ or Asia and providing the opportunity to experience China first-hand whilst studying at one of the countries’ top universities.

Each course totals 48 contact hours (usually 36 hours of lectures and 12 hours of classes), and is formally assessed to allow the award of an official transcript. Whilst neither LSE nor PKU formally award credit for the programme, many previous participants have been able to receive credit from their home institutions – we are very happy to provide any information to assist with this.

All courses are taught in English, and there is the opportunity for participants to undertake ten hours beginners Chinese language tuition alongside the programme.

39.904214 116.407413

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